“全國醫(yī)學博士外語考試：獨立主格結構”相信是很多準備全國醫(yī)學博士外語考試的朋友比較關注的事情，為此，醫(yī)學教育網小編整理內容如下：

獨立主格結構

獨立主格結構由名詞或代詞加上其他成分（分詞、不定式、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語）構成。

獨立主格結構沒有主語和謂語，所以在語法上不是句子。但多有名詞或代詞表示的邏輯主語，分詞或不定式表示的邏輯謂語，有時還有其他修飾成分。（判斷一個結構是否是句子的標準就是看看這個結構是否有謂語動詞。）這種結構通常在句子中起方式、時間、原因、條件等狀語或狀語從句的作用，主要用于書面語。使用動詞非謂語形式的獨立主格結構可以改為句子形式（從句）：獨立主格結構加上連詞，非謂語動詞改為謂語動詞形式，這樣就成為從句了。例如：

Today being Sunday，the library isn\'t open.今天星期天，圖書館不開放。（原因）改為從句：

As（Since）today is Sunday，the library isn\'t open.例如：

There being no buses，we had to take a taxi.沒有汽車了，我們只好坐出租車了。Because there were no buses，we had to take a taxi.

The signal given，the bus started.信號發(fā)出后，公共汽車就啟動了。（時間）改為從句：

After the signal was given，the bus started.

The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，sword in hand.少年跟那個人到這里，并爬了進來，手里拿著劍。

The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，and had a sword in his hand.The mid-term examination is over，the end-of-term examination to come two months later.期中考試結束了，兩個月之后進行期末考試。

The mid-term examination is over，and the end-of-term examination is to come two months later.

Weather permitting，we\'11 visit the Great Wall.如果天氣允許的話，我們就去參觀長城。

If weather permits，we\'11 visit the Great Wall.

The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，sword in hand.少年跟那個人到這里，并爬了進來，手里拿著劍。（伴隨狀語）

上文例句中sword in hand是由“名詞+介詞短語”構成，表示伴隨的情況。這種表示伴隨情的獨立主格結構，有時可以用with

引出，二者的意思是一樣的，with結構更加口語話，更加常用。

She left the office with tears in her eyes.她眼里含著淚水，離開了辦公室。

The teacher walked into the classroom，with a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.老師胳膊底下挾著一把尺子，手里拿著幾本書，走進了教室。

The teacher walked into the classroom.He was holding a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.

With the boy leading the way，we found his house with no difficulty.由這孩子領路，我們毫不費勁地找到他的家。

With him to give us a lead，our team is bound to turn out well.有他給我們帶頭，我們對一定能搞好。

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